английский СРОЧНО!

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

1. Prices of nearly all goods and services have moved in recent history. Inflation is the process of rising prices or, what is the same thing-a fall in the value of money. Each of us is becoming adjusted to inflation.
2. At the beginning a rising price level may not be considered danger-ous. It improves the climate for investment, reduces payments of the Na-tional Debt.
3. The problem, however, is that when the rise in prices starts, it is dif-ficult to stop it. Gradually the rate of inflation increases, it may lead to hyperinflation.
4. Inflation reduces the standard of living of persons dependent on fixed incomes, as pensioners. But on the other hand it is easier to pay debts. Not all the prices are rising. Even during rather rapid inflation some prices may be constant and others even fall.
5. Inflation may occur for many different reasons. Traditionally changes in the price level have been explained by an excess of total demand. The essence of this kind of inflation may be expressed in the phrase “too much money chasing too few goods”.
6. In this case we see long queues of shoppers to make purchases. Stock of goods available is less than the quantity of goods that the consumers are willing to buy things at prices much higher than they should be.
7. There are other factors causing inflation. There were some periods in our recent economic history when the price level rose despite low demand. Sometimes the cost of goods rises and this results in the rise of prices, or in-flation. In this case the cost makes the price level higher.
8. Inflation can create serious difficulties for a country dependent on international trade, as Britain has discovered over the past thirty years. When the level of internal prices rises in comparison with prices of foreign traders, imports increase. Moreover, exports are discouraged.
Thus, it is important that the control of inflation should be given priori-ty in government policy.

II. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is inflation?
2. Does inflation mean that all prices are necessarily rising?
3. What are the reasons for inflation?
4. How does inflation influence the country dependent on international trade?
III. Преобразуйте предложения из страдательного залога в действительный.

1.     Inflation is considered as a fact of economic instability.
2.     Rise of prices was caused by the cost rise.
3. All the resources are already employed.
4. The reasons for inflation have been explained.
5. Inflation was caused by the excess of demand.

IV. Подчеркните инфинитив, определив его форму и функцию.

1.    Supply of goods is not enough to meet the demand requirements. 2. One of the best ways to know the problem is to examine it from different points of view. 3. To decrease prices you should reduce the cost of the prod-uct. 4. The aim of macroeconomics is to study the economy in general.

V. Выпишите из текста слова с суффиксом –ing. Определите, какой частью речи они являются.

VI. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения:

1. I don’t think this product is worth advertising. 2. The owner went on reproducing per unit production cost. 3. This businessman succeeds in in-creasing his investments. 4. His having failed to manage the company sur-prised everybody. 5. He insisted on the decision being taken immediately.

VII. Составьте предложения, используя следующие выраже-ния:
Nation’s economy, manufacturer, paper money, state companies, sale of goods and services.