к/р для психологов

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Memory processes
When classifying memory under one or another head, we proceed from definite stable properties and aspects characteristic of memory irrespective of the concrete function it performs in activity: consolidation, retention or recall of material. For instance, the division of memory into motor, emotional, imaginal and verbal-logical types reflects its form (image, word, etc.) which is applicable to all processes - memorisation, retention and reproduction of the object.
Besides the classification of memory as such, psychologists also distinguish its processes. In this case for criterions of classification are taken different functions exercised by memory in the individual's life and activity. The processes of memory include memorisation (consolidation), reproduction (recall, renewal), and also retention and loss (forgetting) of the material. The above-indicated processes are highly illustrative of the connection of memory with activity, as well as of the character of its independent (mnemonic) actions.
Though the comparison of memory processes clearly reveals their apparently antithetical functions, these processes should be viewed as a single whole. Their unity shows not only in their obvious external connection and interdependence (e.g. reproduction characteristics are largely determined by the specificity of the material memorisation, retention and loss), but also in even closer relations of mutual penetration and dialectical transition of one process into another.
Since the process of renewal is not just automatic reading of material, but its conscious structuring and even restructuring, the very process of reproduction necessarily includes also the processes of short-term memorisation and retention. Moreover, the process of reproduction always goes hand in hand with long-term memorisation. The so-called recapitulation of material is nothing else than its reproduction, yet it is also a process of its learning.


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1)     In this case for criterions of classification are taken different functions exercised
)     The above-indicated processes are
3)     Their unity shows not only in their obvious external connection and interdependence
4)     Moreover, the process of reproduction always goes