Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 3

ВАРИАНТ III

1. Перепишите и письменно переведите    следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что инфинитив в функции определения и особенно Complex Object  и Complex Subject часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1. Goods not to be stored for a long time are called perishable goods. 2. Do you want us to revise the price? 3. The new business was expected to give considerable profit. 4. The first use of the symbol to decorate a shawl appears to have been in the Indian province of Kashmir in the late 17th century. 5. We know labour power to exist only as long as its owner remains alive. 6. There is every reason to suppose that the machinery will arrive in time. 7. When exchanged, articles of different value are equaled to each other.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные ниже предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастного оборотов.
1. The part of capital spent on production means is called constant capital. 2. Looking at varicoloured cars, lorries and buses rushing fr om traffic lights to traffic lights, fr om one jam to another, it is hard to imagine that Japan entered the automobile age only 30 years ago. 3. 1960 was a historic year in aviation making the passage fr om propeller flight to the jet era. 4. Having made an investment they expected to obtain good interest. 5. The investment having been made, they gained high profit. 6. The assortment was varied, with the customers being satisfied. 7. The discount having been given, the contract was drawn up.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая разные возможности перевода герундия на русский язык.
1.    Factors of production include labour, capital and natural resources
used in producing goods and services. 2. The change of the exchange rate resulted in renegotiating the price. 3. The cameras sold well after having been promoted. 4. In determining the probability of this enterprise, the entrepreneur sets surplus against the capital spent. 5. After revealing the secret of capitalist exploitation, Marx discovered the basic law of capitalist mode of production.
4. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие конструкции с причастиями, герундием и инфинитивом.
   1. Every enterprise would like fuel and raw materials to be cheap. 2. Being a commodity, labour power also has a use-value, which includes the wage, that is worker's capacity to create value greater than the value of his labour during production. 3. Historians suppose the name "London" to come from a Celtic word. 4. The new method is believed to have given good results. 5. Speculation is buying and selling with a view to buying and selling after when prices have changed. 6. The Physiocrats regarded the state's role as simply that of preserving property and upholding the natural order. 7. Communications being easy, buyers and sellers are numerous and competition is completely free. 8. Transfer costs should include all costs of achieving these physical transfers, including loading and unloading costs, administrative costs, etc. 9. Having created products to meet present and future needs, we must ensure that they provide optimum cost performance (оптимальную характеристику стоимости).

5.    Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения,
содержащие условные придаточные предложения.
1.    If prices increase we shan't be able to buy more fuel from you. 2. If
you gave us a 5% discount we would increase our purchase of fuel. 3. If there had been an excess of this commodity the demand would have fallen. 4. Had the terms been reasonable the contract would have been signed immediately. 5.If you think we are living in an age of technology, you are perfectly right. If you think this is a phenomenon of recent years or centuries, you are entirely wrong. 6. If we look at the structure of societies, it will be seen that they are divided into different levels, or strata. 7. If we could go back thousands of years, we should find that people who lived at that time also had to think of necessary supplies of food and clothing, and of suitable shelter. 8. Trade would    have developed, if some surplus had been produced. 9. The great development of industry that occurred in the 19th century would not have been possible if it had not been for the invention of steam.

6.    Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие
усилительные (эмфатические) конструкции.
1.    The quality and quantity of the necessary means of substance do
depend on certain factors. 2. It is the development of the forms of value that led to the appearance of money itself. 3. It is the working people who suffer most from the inflation. 4. It was two years ago when the firm built this factory. 5. It was the mechanized cotton mills of the North of England that were making wealth.




7.    Прочтите и устно переведите 1 абзац текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 2 абзац.
                                               The Open Market
Monopoly is one of the peculiar factors, which can affect the sale, and purchase of certain commodities. In some markets, there may be only one seller or a cartel of sellers working very closely together to control prices. The result of such monopolistic activity is to fix prices at a level suitable to the seller, a level, which may bring him artificially high profits. Many governments dislike this procedure and have taken legal action to restrict or halt any business activities directed towards "cornering the market". In the US, anti-trust laws operate to lim it cartels and mergers, while in Britain the Monopolistic Commission examines all special arrangements and mergers referred to them by the Board of Trade which appear to operate against the public interest.
This type of monopoly is not the only possibility, however. There are three other forms: state, legal and natural. State monopolies are quite common nowadays, wh ere the authorities in a particular country control industries like steel and transport or important and prestigious services like national airlines. Legal monopolies are rather different, because the law permits certain individuals to benefit solely from their special inventions, discoveries or processes. No other person may infringe their rights in respect to such monopolies. Finally, natural monopoly arises wh ere a nation or individual possesses most of a particular mineral for reasons of geography and geology. Canadian nickel and South African gold are two well-known examples of this kind of monopoly.