Перепишите предложения, подчеркнув прида

Контрольная работа 5
Вариант 5

I.     Перепишите предложения, подчеркнув придаточные предложения. Укажите тип придаточного предложения и переведите их на русский язык.
Example:     For a long time Bell couldn’t get the results that he was looking for. Белл не мог долгое время получить результаты, которые он искал. (бессоюзное придаточное предложение)
1.    Mathematical computations and information processing operations that once required weeks can be performed in minutes through the use of computers.
2.    The accused claimed that he hadn’t been anywhere near the scene of the crime.
3.    It can be said that the world is in the midst of an electronic revolution.
4.    Fiber-optic cables are cables made of specially treated glass that can transmit signals in the form of pulsed beams of laser light.
5.    Microprocessors, which are at the heart of millions of personal and home computers, pack the same computing power into a tiny chip.
6.    If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase.
7.    A diode is the simplest possible semiconductor device, and is therefore an excellent beginning point if you want to understand how semiconductors work.
8.    It is said that Thomas Edison devised a system in 1874 that permitted four messages to travel at once.

II.     Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык и определите функции should, would в предложениях.
Example: We should introduce this method if it were efficient.
1.    A magnet would attract pieces of iron.
2.    He said that I should do that work myself.
3.    I shouldn’t have finished this work without Suzanne’s help.
4.    We urged that the students should be told immediately.
5.    It is essential that they should be motivated to give up smoking.
6.    If we had traveled together we should have saved money.
7.    If the doctor had been called earlier, she would still be alive today.
8.    The results were completely wrong. As a scientist she should have planned the experiment more carefully.
9.    Scientists thought that convergence of telecommunications technologies would also trigger a change in the content available and the composition of the content provider.
10.    Before he moved to London, Thomas would meet me every day after work.
11.    Some plants should not be grown in direct sunlight. It will damage their leaves.
12.    If Bob wasn’t so lazy, he would have passed the exam easily.

III. Перепишите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
Example: As a married man he has to think of the future. – Как человек женатый, он должен думать о будущем.
We had to work all the way as (because) we had no money for fares. – Мы должны были всю дорогу идти пешком, потому что у нас не было денег на проезд.
1.    Radio communications systems include radio navigation and both amateur and commercial broadcasting.
2.    The experiment was stopped due to the lack of data.
3.    The system can be considered either true or false.
4.    Since the rain has stopped, we can go back in the garden.
5.    That area has neither fuel nor hydropower resources.
6.    She couldn’t eat meat so she just had vegetables.
7.    Because of lack of money, the project will not continue next year.

Работа над текстом

I.     Прочитайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание. Выполните задания после текста.

Methods to Avoid Detection

1.     In order to avoid detection by users, some viruses employ different kinds of deception. Some old viruses, especially on the MS-DOS platform, make sure that the "last modified" date of a host file stays the same when the file is infected by the virus. This approach does not fool anti-virus software, however.
Some viruses, called cavity viruses, can infect files without increasing their sizes or damaging the files. They accomplish this by overwriting unused areas of executable files.
Some viruses try to avoid detection by killing the tasks associated with antivirus software before it can detect them.
2.     As computers and operating systems grow larger and more complex, old hiding techniques need to be updated or replaced.
3.     A virus needs to infect hosts in order to spread further. In some cases, it might be a bad idea to infect a host program. For example, many anti-virus programs perform an integrity check of their own code. Infecting such programs will therefore increase the likelihood that the virus is detected. For this reason, some viruses are programmed not to infect programs that are known to be part of anti-virus software. Another type of hosts that viruses sometimes avoid is bait files. Bait files (or goat files) are files that are specially created by anti-virus software, or by anti-virus professionals themselves, to be infected by a virus. These files can be created for various reasons, all of which are related to the detection of the virus.
4.     Anti-virus professionals can use bait files to take a sample of a virus (i.e. a copy of a program file that is infected by the virus). It is more practical to store and exchange a small, infected bait file, than to exchange a large application program that has been infected by the virus.
Anti-virus professionals can use bait files to study the behavior of a virus and evaluate detection methods. This is especially useful when the virus is polymorphic. In this case, the virus can be made to infect a large number of bait files. The infected files can be used to test whether a virus scanner detects all versions of the virus.
Some anti-virus software employs bait files that are accessed regularly. When these files are modified, the anti-virus software warns the user that a virus is probably active on the system.
Since bait files are used to detect the virus, or to make detection possible, a virus can benefit from not infecting them. Viruses typically do this by avoiding suspicious programs, such as small program files or programs that contain certain patterns of 'garbage instructions'.
A related strategy to make baiting difficult is sparse infection. Sometimes, sparse infectors do not infect a host file that would be a suitable candidate for infection in other circumstances. For example, a virus can decide on a random basis whether to infect a file or not, or a virus can only infect host files on particular days of the week.
Some viruses try to trick anti-virus software by intercepting its requests to the operating system. A virus can hide itself by intercepting the anti-virus software’s request to read the file and passing the request to the virus, instead of the OS. The virus can then return an uninfected version of the file to the anti-virus software, so that it seems that the file is "clean".
Notes:
host     хост общий термин, описывающий нечто, содержащее ресурс и предоставляющее к нему доступ
executable file    исполнимый (исполняемый) файл, файл с программой или командный файл
Likelihood    Вероятность
bait (goat) file    файл-приманка

II.     Укажите какие из данных утверждений соответствуют содержанию текста.
1.    Leaving unchanged the last date of the last modified file does not deceive antivirus software.
2.    With the development of computers and operating systems the techniques of hiding viruses are also updated.
3.    Viruses spread without infecting hosts.

III.     Выберите правильные ответы на вопросы.
1.     How do we call the files specially created by professionals for detection of viruses?
a)    bait files;
b)    hosts.
2.     Does the infection of host programmes and particularly of antivirus software increase or decrease the possibility of virus detection?
a)    increase.
b)    decrease.
IV. Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный вариант перевода.
1.     As computers and operating systems grow larger and more complex, old hiding techniques need to be updated or replaced.
a)    С увеличением компьютеров и сложности оперативных систем cтарые способы маскировки требуют обновления и замены.
b)    Так как возможности и сложность компьютеров и ОС постоянно увеличиваются, старые способы маскировки требуют обновления и замены.
2.     In this case, the virus can be made to infect a large number of bait files.
a)    В этом случае может быть сделан вирус, чтобы заражать большое число файлов-приманок.
b)    В этом случае можно сделать так, чтобы вирус заражал большое число файлов-приманок.
3.     A related strategy to make baiting difficult is sparse infection.
a)    Соответствующей стратегией для затруднения обнаружения вирусов  файлами-приманками является заражение вразброс.  
b)    Связанной стратегией сделать обнаружение вирусов трудным является разбросанное заражение.

V.     Переведите письменно абзац 4 текста.