Англ Вар 3 Semi-chemical process

Вариант 3

Упражнение 1. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.

1.    The dry forming method has been the subject of numerous researches for a long time.
2.    Now the manufactures are carrying out this operation on a commercial basis.
3.    This paper machine will operate at higher capacities.

Упражнение 2. Перепишите предложения, определите в них залог и временные формы глаголов. Укажите их инфинитивы. Переведите предложения.

1.    Special attention was given to water cleaning.
2.    The strength of the paper is positively affected by increased refining.
3.    The tanks were used to accumulate sulfur dioxide gas.

Упражнение 3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения.

1.    The pulp mill must be supplied with clean chips of uniform size.
2.    This pulp is to be produced by a chemical process.
3.    The capacity of the screeners can be regulated according to production rate.

Упражнение 4. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия и определите их функцию. Переведите предложения.

1.    Wire-covered cylinders revolve in vats containing fibers suspended in water.
2.    The drum is rotated causing the logs to tumble over one another.
3.    The barking is accomplished in long cylindrical steel drums known as barking drums.

Упражнение 5. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его функцию. Переведите предложения.

1.    These pulping processes cannot remove all the lignin without degrading the carbohydrate fraction.
2.    Maintaining a constant load on the stone is important.
3.    Reducing the raw material to the fibrous state is carried out by mechanical or semi-mechanical means.

Упражнение 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Semi-chemical process

1.    Semi-chemical process of making wood pulp combines mechanical and chemical methods. It was developed particularly for the pulping of hardwoods and has many variations. The pulpwood chips are cooked in a mild chemical solution and the fibers are separated mechanically. Semi-chemical pulps are used in making corrugated boards and other items.
2.    In each of the chemical methods logs must be chipped before they are cooked. Rotating knives cut off chips and a conveyor belt carries them either to storage or to the digesters. These digesters operate on the same principle as a kitchen pressure cooker. Wood chips in chemical solution are cooked with steam, until reduced to wet pulpy mass. It is this cooking that dissolves the resins and lignin and causes the fibers to separate.
3.    The digester is a cylindrical vessel with top and bottom conical heads. It is mounted in vertical position on four support columns. The upper charging pipe is provided with an easily removable mechanized cover. For preventing clogging of the circulation system, the digester has three screening zones. The digester equipment also includes a steam packer, a collector for digester washing and a special collector for pulp washing out.

Упражнение 7. Прочитайте 1-й абзац, выпишите глаголы в пассивном залоге и переведите их.



Упражнение 8. Прочитайте 3-й абзац, перепишите вопрос и ответьте на него:

What does the digester equipment include?