Англ ГБОУ СПО (ССУЗ) «ЗТЭТ» Вар 6

1. Прочтите и переведите следующие группы слов

the same thing
the basic determinants of price
subjective value
the economic worth of value
market transactions
exchange of goods and services
a much wider meaning
the small ad. сolumns
on a countrywide basis
under market conditions

2. Найдите синонимы среди следующих слов
transaction, price, especially, developed, cost, advanced, basic, take place, purchaser, particularly, buyer, happen, commodity, kind, good, sort, reveal, discover, main, dealing
3. Прочтите и переведите текст

Price and Value

Let’s discuss the basic determinants of price. Price is not the same thing as value. Things are “valuable” because people think they are, and for no other reason. The “value” which an individual places on a commodity can not be measured; its value will be different for different people. This kind of subjective value is not the concern of the economist who is interested only in “value in exchange”. The economic worth of value of a good can only be measured in some kind of market transaction which reveals the value of the good in terms of what is offered in exchange for it. If 5 lb of potatoes will exchange for 5 lb of sugar, then the “price” of 1 lb of sugar is 5 lb of potatoes. Nowadays practically all exchanges represent an exchange of goods and services for money, and prices in terms of money are the market value of the things they buy.
Markets
Prices arise in exchange transactions and this implies some kind of market. This need not, necessarily, be a fixed location – a building, or a market place. We are all familiar with the open and covered markets in the centres of our towns, but in the modern world the word “market” has a much wider meaning. Any effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another is defined as a market. The small ad. columns of the local newspaper provide a very efficient market for second-hand cars. Face to face contact between buyers and sellers is not a requirement for a market to be able to operate efficiently. In the foreign exchange market, buyers and sellers are separated by thousands of miles, but the knowledge of what is happening in the market is just as complete, and the ease of dealing is just as effective as if the participants were in the same room.
For some commodities, notably fresh fruit and vegetables, the traditional market is still the normal arrangement, but for most goods the market is a national one. Most consumer goods, in developed countries, are bought, and sold on a countrywide basis. For other commodities the market is world-wide. This is particularly true of the more important primary products such as rubber, tin, copper, and oil, and of the basic foodstuffs such as meat, wheat, sugar, tea, and coffee. Most of the products of advanced technology also have world markets, for example, computers, aeroplanes, ships, and motor cars.
The price of any economic good, under market conditions such as we find in the capitalist world, is determined by the forces of supply acting through the sellers and the forces of demand acting through the buyers, determine the market price.

4. Заполните пропуски, используя глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме.
1) Things are “valuable” because people think they … (to be).
2) The economic worth of value of a good can only be … (to measure) in some kind of market transaction which … (to reveal) the value of the goods in terms of what is … (to offer) in exchange for it.
3) If 5 lb of potatoes … (to exchange) for 1 lb of sugar, then the “price” of 1 lb of sugar is 5 lb of potatoes.
4) Nowadays practically all exchange … (to represent) an exchange of goods and services for money.
5) Any effective arrangement for bringing buyers and sellers into contact with one another … (define) as a market.

5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы
1) What kind of goods are usually sold in fixed locations?
2) What kind of goods are primarily sold and bought on a countrywide basis?
3) What is the difference between “price” and “value”?
4) Where do price arise?
5) For what products is the market world-wide?

6. Подберите английской пословице русскую аналогию
Second thoughts are best.

7. Соедините термин и его перевод
consumption change in amount consumed    изменение объёма потребления
checking account    чековый счёт; текущий счёт в банке
economic growth    экономический рост